Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Calligonum polygonoides stem and buds

In the present study we demonstrate the identification of phenolic compounds and the phenolic contents of the methanol extracts from stem and buds of Calligonum polygonoides with antioxidant activity. Eleven and nine phenolic compounds were identified and quantified from stem and buds, respectively by high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]. p-Coumaric acid was predominant in stem and gallic acid in buds. In general, the samples with the highest phenolic contents had the highest antioxidant activities. Stem and buds sparked attention due to their high phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. The Results from present study reveal that the C. polygonoides could be considered as a promising source of antioxidant phytochemicals

Comparison of chemical composition of aerva javanica seed essential oils obtained by different extraction methods

Aerva javanica [Burm.f.] Juss. ex Schult. seed essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation [HD] and dry steam distillation [SD] extracting methods and analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[GC-MS]. Twenty and eighteen components representing 90.5% and 95.6% of the seed essential oil were identified, using hydrodistillation and dry steam distillation, respectively. The major constituent identified from seed essential oil obtained by HD were heptacosane [25.4%], 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol [14.1%], pentacosane [12.1%], 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone [7.9%], nonacosane [7.1%], tricosane [3.6%], alpha-farnesene [3.5%], dodecanal [2.7%] and octacosane [2.1%]. Whereas the major constituent identified from seed essential oil obtained by SD were heptacosane [41.4%], pentacosane [21.2%], nonacosane [14.8%], tricosane [6.3%], octacosane [4.2%] and tetracosane [3.0%]

Synthesis, characterization and biological screening of N-substituted derivatives of 5-benzyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2yl-2''-sulfanyl acetamide

A series of new N-substituted derivatives of 5-benzyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2yl-2''-sulfanyl acetamide [6a-n] were synthesized in three phases. The first phase involved the sequentially converting phenyl acetic acid into ester, hydrazide and finally cyclized in the presence of CS[2] to afford 5-benzyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-thiol. In the second phase N-substituted-2-bromoacetamides were prepared by reacting substituted amines with bromoacetyl bromide in basic media. In the third phase, 5-benzyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol was stirred with N-substituted-2-bromoacetamides in the presence of N,N-dimethyl formamide [DMF] and sodium hydride [NaH] to get the target compounds. Spectral techniques were used to confirm the structures of synthesized compounds. Synthesized compounds were screened against butyrylcho linesterase [BChE], acetylcholinesterase [AChE], and lipoxygenase enzymes [LOX] and were found to be relatively more active against acetylcholinesterase

Synthesis, characterization and biological screening of sulfonamides derived form 2-phenylethylamine

In the present study, a series of N-substituted derivatives of 2-phenylethylamine has been synthesized. The reaction of 2-phenylethylamine [1] with benzene sulfonyl chloride [2] yielded N-[2-phenylethyl] benzenesulfonamide [3], which further on treatment with alkyl/acyl halides [4a-i] in the presence of sodium hydride furnished into Nsubstituted sulfonamides [5a-i]. These derivatives were characterized by IR, [1]H-NMR and EI-MS and then screened against acetyl cholinesterase [AChE], butyryl cholinesterase [BChE] and lipoxygenase enzyme [LOX] and were found to be potent inhibitors of butyryl cholinesterase only

Cotinus coggyria: a rich source of antioxidants

Methanolic extract of Cotinus coggyria Scop. was mixed in distilled water and partitioned first with the n-hexane, then with chloroform, then ethyl acetate and at the end with n-butanol. The phytochemical screening of plant showed presence of the phenolics, cardiac glycosides and flavonoides in large amount in the chloroform, n-butanol and ethyl acetate soluble fraction. Antioxidant activity of these four fractions and the left behind aqueous fraction was measured by four methods such as: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] free radical scavenging activity, ferric thiocyanate assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP] assay and total antioxidant activity. Total phenolics were also measured. Noteworthy antioxidant potential was shown by the chloroform, n-butanol and ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed. Ethyl acetate fraction showed highest% inhibition of the DPPH radical when compared with the other studied fractions i.e. 81.64 +/- 1.29% inhibition of the DPPH radical at the concentration of 30 microg/ml. Its IC[50] value was found to be 15.58 +/- 0.09 microg/ml, comparative to the butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT], which has IC[50] value 12.6 +/- 0.85microg/mL. This fraction also showed the highest lipid peroxidation inhibition [61.41 +/- 1.16%], as well as highest values of FRAP [697.76 +/- 1.98 microg of trolox equivalents] total antioxidant activity [1.02 +/- 0.09] and total phenolic contents [229.34 +/- 0.57] comparative to the other studied fractions. The chloroform and n-butanol soluble fraction also showed good results for all the studied antioxidant assays